MEXT Working Group G. Giaretta Internet-Draft Qualcomm Intended status: Informational I. Guardini Expires: November 3, 2008 E. Demaria Telecom Italia J. Bournelle Orange Labs R. Lopez Univ. of Murcia May 2, 2008 AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 draft-ietf-mext-aaa-ha-goals-01 Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on November 3, 2008. Abstract In commercial and enterprise deployments Mobile IPv6 can be a service offered by a Mobility Services Provider (MSP). In this case all protocol operations may need to be explicitly authorized and traced, requiring the interaction between Mobile IPv6 and the AAA infrastructure. Integrating the AAA infrastructure (e.g. NAS and AAA server) offers also a solution component for Mobile IPv6 Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 1] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 bootstrapping. This document describes various scenarios where a AAA interface for Mobile IPv6 is required. Additionally, it lists design goals and requirements for such an interface. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Bootstrapping Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. Split Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.2. Integrated Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. Goals for AAA-HA interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1. General goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.2. Service Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.3. Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.4. Mobile Node Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.5. Provisioning of Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . 8 6. Goals for the AAA-NAS interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 12 Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 2] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 1. Introduction Mobile IPv6 [1] provides the basic IP mobility functionality for IPv6. When Mobile IPv6 is used in tightly managed environments with the use of the AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) infrastructure, an interface between Mobile IPv6 and AAA protocols needs to be defined. Also, two scenarios for bootstrapping Mobile IPv6 service [2] , i.e., split [3] and integrated [4] scenarios, require the specification of a message exchange between the HA and AAA infrastructure for authentication and authorization purposes and a message exchange between the AAA server and the NAS in order to provide the visited network with the necessary configuration information (e.g. Home Agent address). This document describes various scenarios where a AAA interface is required. Additionally, it lists design goals and requirements for the communication between the HA and the AAA server and the NAS and the AAA server needed in the split and integrated scenarios. Requirements are listed in case either IPsec or rfc 4285 [5] is used for Mobile IPv6 authentication. This document only describes requirements, goals and scenarios. It does not provide solutions. Notice that this document builds on the security model of the AAA infrastructure. As such, the end host/user shares credentials with the home AAA server and the communication between the AAA server and the AAA client may be protected. If the AAA server and the AAA client are not part of the same administrative domain, then some sort of contractual relationship between the involved administrative domains is typically in place in form of roaming agreements. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [6], with the qualification that unless otherwise stated these words apply to the design of the AAA protocol extension, not its implementation or its usage. Some of the terms are also extracted from [2]. o Access Service Authorizer (ASA). A network operator that authenticates a mobile node and establishes the mobile node's authorization to receive Internet service. Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 3] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 o Access Service Provider (ASP). A network operator that provides direct IP packet forwarding to and from the end host. o Mobility Service Authorizer (MSA). A service provider that authorizes Mobile IPv6 service. o Mobility Service Provider (MSP). A service provider that provides Mobile IPv6 service. In order to obtain such service, the mobile node must be authenticated and prove authorization to obtain the service. 3. Motivation Mobile IPv6 specification [1] requires that Mobile Nodes (MNs) are provisioned with a set of configuration parameters, namely the Home Address and the Home Agent Address, in order to accomplish a home registration. Moreover, MNs and Home Agents (HAs) must share the cryptographic material needed in order to setup IPsec security associations to protect Mobile IPv6 signaling (e.g. shared keys or certificates). This is referred as the bootstrapping problem: as described in [2], the AAA infrastructure can be used as the central element to enable dynamic Mobile IPv6 bootstrapping. In this case the AAA infrastructure can be exploited to offload the end host's authentication to the AAA server as well as to deliver the necessary configuration parameters to the visited network (e.g. Home Agent address as specified in [4]). Moreover, in case Mobile IPv6 is a service offered by a Mobility Service Provider (MSP), all protocol operations (e.g., home registrations) may need to be explicitly authorized and monitored (e.g., for accounting purposes). This can be accomplished relying on the AAA infrastructure of the MSA that stores user profiles and credentials. 4. Bootstrapping Scenarios This section describes some bootstrapping scenarios in which a communication between the AAA infrastructure of the Mobility Service Provider and the Home Agent is needed. The need of a MIPv6-aware communication between the AAA server and the Network Access Server (NAS) is also described. For more details, please refer to the bootstrapping documents [2], [3] and [4]. 4.1. Split Scenario In the split scenario [3], there is the assumption that the mobility service and network access service are not provided by the same administrative entity. This implies that the mobility service is Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 4] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 authorized by the MSA that is a different entity from the ASA. In this scenario, the Mobile Node discovers the Home Agent Address using the Domain Name Service (DNS). It queries the address based on the Home Agent name or by service name. In the former case, the Mobile Node is configured with the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FDQN) of the Home Agent. In the latter case, [3] defines a new service resource record (SRV RR). Then the Mobile Node performs an IKEv2 [8] exchange with the HA to setup IPsec SAs (to protect Mobile IPv6 signaling) and to configure its Home Address (HoA). Mutual authentication for IKEv2 between Mobile Node and Home Agent can be done with or without use of Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). If EAP is used for authentication, the operator can choose any available EAP methods. Use of EAP with the AAA infrastructure allows the HA for not necessarily maintaining authentication credentials for each Mobile Node by itself, checking the validity of the credentials with the AAA infrastructure. It also allows roaming in terms of Mobile IPv6 service where MSP and MSA belong to different administrative domains. In this case the HA in the MSP can check the vailidity of the credentials provided by the MN with the AAA infrastructure of MSA, receiving the relevant authorization information. The Mobile Node may also want to update its FQDN in the DNS with the newly allocated Home Address. [3] recommends that the HA performs the DNS entry update on behalf of the Mobile Node. For that purpose, the Mobile Node indicates its FDQN in the IKEv2 exchange (IDi field in IKE_AUTH) and adds a DNS Update Option in the Binding Update message sent to the HA. When the Mobile Node uses a Home Agent belonging to a different administrative domain (MSP != MSA), the local HA may not share a security association with the home DNS server. In this case, [3] suggests that the home AAA server is responsible for the update. Thus, the HA should send to the home AAA server the (FDQN, HoA) pair. 4.2. Integrated Scenario In the integrated scenario [4], the assumption is that the Access Service Authorizer (ASA) is same as the Mobility Service Authorizer (MSA). The Home Agent can the assigned either in the Access Service Provider's network or in the separate network. In the former case, the MSP is the same entity as the ASP, whereas in the latter case MSP Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 5] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 and ASP are different entities. In this scenario, Mobile Node discovers the Home Agent Address using DHCPv6. If the user is authorized for Mobile IPv6 service, during the network access authentication the AAAH sends the information about the assigned Home Agent to the Network Access Server (NAS) where the Mobile Node is currently attached. To request Home Agent data, the Mobile Node sends a DHCPv6 Information Request to the All_DHCP_Relay_Agents_and_Servers multicast address. With this request, the Mobile Node can specify if it wants a Home Agent provided by the visited domain (ASP/MSP) or by the home domain (ASA/ MSA). In both cases, the NAS acts a DHCPv6 relay. When the NAS receives the DHCPv6 Information Request then it sends Home Agent information received from AAAH in a new DHC Relay Agent Option as defined in [4]. In case the Mobile Node cannot acquire Home Agent information via DHCPv6, it can try the default mechanism based on DNS described in [3]. After the Mobile Node has acquired the Home Agent information, the mechanism used to bootstrap the HoA, IPsec Security Association, and Authentication and Authorization with the MSA is the same described in the bootstrapping solution for split scenario [3]. 5. Goals for AAA-HA interface Section 4 raises the need to define extensions for the AAA protocol used between the AAA server of the MSA and the HA. The following sections list the goals for such an interface. This communication is needed for both split and integrated scenario. 5.1. General goals G1.1 The communication between the AAAH server and the HA MUST reuse existing AAA security mechanisms with regard to authentication, replay, integrity, and confidentiality protection. These communication security mechanisms prevent a number of classical threats, including the alteration of exchanged data (e.g., Mobile IPv6 configuration parameters) and the installation of unauthorized state. 5.2. Service Authorization Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 6] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 G2.1 The AAA-HA interface MUST allow the use of Network Access Identifier (NAI) to identify the user. G2.2 The HA MUST be able to query the AAAH server to verify Mobile IPv6 service authorization for the mobile node. G2.3 The AAAH server MAY assign explicit operational limitations and authorization restrictions on the HA (e.g., packet filters, QoS parameters). G2.4 The AAAH server MUST be able to send an authorization lifetime to the HA to limit Mobile IPv6 session duration for the MN. G2.5 The HA MUST be able to request to the AAAH server an extension of the authorization lifetime granted to the MN. G2.6 The AAAH server MUST be able to force the HA to terminate an active Mobile IPv6 session for authorization policy reasons (e.g., credit exhaustion). G2.7 The HA MUST be able to indicate to the AAAH the IPv6 HoA that will be assigned to the MN. G2.8 The AAAH server MUST be able to authorize the MN to use an IPv6 HoA and MUST indicate that to the HA. G2.9 The AAAH server MUST be able to indicate to the HA whether return routability test (HoT, HoTi) shall be permitted or not via the HA for a given MN. G2.10 The AAAH server MUST be able to support different levels of Mobile IPv6 authorization. For example, the AAAH server may authorize the MN to use of MIPv6 (as defined in [1]) or may authorize the MN to utilize an IPv4 HoA assigned for Dual Stack MIPv6 [9]. G2.11 The AAAH server MUST be able to indicate to the HA whether the bearer traffic for the MN needs to receive IPsec ESP protection. G2.12 The HA MUST be able to authenticate the MN through the AAAH in case a pre-share key is used in IKEv2 for user authentication. The exact procedure is part of the solution space. 5.3. Accounting Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 7] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 G3.1 The AAA-HA interface MUST support the transfer of accounting records needed for service control and charging. These include (but may not be limited to): time of binding cache entry creation and deletion, octets sent and received by the mobile node in bi- directional tunneling, etc. 5.4. Mobile Node Authentication G4.1 The AAA-HA interface MUST allow the HA to act as a pass-through EAP authenticator. G4.2 The AAA - HA interface MUST support authentication based on the Mobility Message Authentication Options defined in [5]. G4.3 The AAAH MUST be able to provide a MN-HA key (or data used for subsequent key derivation of the MN-HA key by the HA) to the HA if requested. Additional data, such as the SPI or lifetime parameters, are sent along with the keying material. G4.4 The HA SHOULD be able to request the AAAH server to authenticate the MN with the value in the MN-AAA Mobility Message Authentication Option. G4.5 The HA MUST include an identifier of the mobile node in the AAA transactions with the AAAH server. 5.5. Provisioning of Configuration Parameters o The HA SHOULD be able to communicate to the AAAH server the Home Address allocated to the MN and the FQDN of the MN (e.g., for allowing the AAAH server to perform a DNS update on behalf of the MN). o The AAAH SHOULD be able to indicate to the HA if the MN is authorized to autoconfigure its Home Address. 6. Goals for the AAA-NAS interface In the integrated scenario, the AAA server provides the HA information to the NAS as part of the whole AAA operations for network access. Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 8] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 G6.1 The AAAH server MUST be able to communicate the Home Agent Information (IP Address or FQDN) to the NAS. G6.2 The NAS MUST be able to notify the AAAH if it supports the AAA extensions designed to receive the HA assignment information described in [4]. G6.3 The ASP/MSP SHOULD be able to indicate to the MSA if it can allocate a Home Agent to the MN. Therefore the NAS SHOULD be able to include suggested HA address in the ASP in the NAS - AAA interaction. G6.4 The AAA server of the MSA MUST be able to indicate to the NAS whether the MN is authorized to use a local Home Agent (i.e. a Home Agent in the ASP/MSP). G6.5 The overall AAA solution for integrated scenario MUST support the scenario where the AAA server of the ASA/MSA used for network access authentication is different from the AAA server used for mobility service authentication and authorization. 7. IANA Considerations This document does not require actions by IANA. 8. Security Considerations As stated in Section 5.1 the AAA-HA interface must provide mutual authentication, integrity and replay protection. Furthermore, if security parameters (e.g., IKE pre-shared key) are transferred through this interface, confidentiality is strongly recommended to be supported. In this case the links between the HA and the AAA server of the MSA and between the NAS and the AAA server MUST be secure. 9. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank James Kempf, Alper Yegin, Vijay Devarapalli, Basavaraj Patil, Gopal Dommety, Marcelo Bagnulo and Madjid Nakhjiri for their comments and feedback. Moreover the authors would like to thank Hannes Tschofenig for his deep technical and editorial review of the draft. Finally the aithors would like to thank Kuntal Chowdhury who contribbuted identifying the goals related to rfc4285 authentication. Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 9] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 10. References 10.1. Normative References [1] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support in IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004. [2] Patel, A. and G. Giaretta, "Problem Statement for bootstrapping Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)", RFC 4640, September 2006. [3] Giaretta, G., Kempf, J., and V. Devarapalli, "Mobile IPv6 Bootstrapping in Split Scenario", RFC 5026, October 2007. [4] Chowdhury, K. and A. Yegin, "MIP6-bootstrapping for the Integrated Scenario", draft-ietf-mip6-bootstrapping-integrated-dhc-06 (work in progress), April 2008. [5] Patel, A., Leung, K., Khalil, M., Akhtar, H., and K. Chowdhury, "Authentication Protocol for Mobile IPv6", RFC 4285, January 2006. [6] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [7] Patel, A., Leung, K., Khalil, M., Akhtar, H., and K. Chowdhury, "Mobile Node Identifier Option for Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)", RFC 4283, November 2005. 10.2. Informative References [8] Kaufman, C., "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol", RFC 4306, December 2005. [9] Soliman, H., "Mobile IPv6 support for dual stack Hosts and Routers (DSMIPv6)", draft-ietf-mip6-nemo-v4traversal-06 (work in progress), November 2007. Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 10] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 Authors' Addresses Gerardo Giaretta Qualcomm 5775 Morehouse Drive San Diego, 92109 USA Email: gerardo@qualcomm.com Ivano Guardini Telecom Italia Lab via G. Reiss Romoli, 274 TORINO, 10148 Italy Email: ivano.guardini@telecomitalia.it Elena Demaria Telecom Italia Lab via G. Reiss Romoli, 274 TORINO, 10148 Italy Email: elena.demaria@telecomitalia.it Julien Bournelle Orange Labs Email: julien.bournelle@gmail.com Rafa Marin Lopez University of Murcia 30071 Murcia Spain Email: rafa@dif.um.es Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 11] Internet-Draft AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6 May 2008 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Giaretta, et al. Expires November 3, 2008 [Page 12]